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Because of the difference in bioavailability between supplemented folic acid and the different forms of folate found in food, the dietary folate equivalent (DFE) system was established. One DFE is defined as 1 μg of dietary folate. 1 μg of folic acid supplement counts as 1.7 μg DFE.
Folic acid, which is the synthetic form of the vitamin folate, is critical both in pre- and peri-conception. [7] Deficiencies in folic acid may cause neural tube defects (NTDs). Women who had 0.4 mg of folic acid in their systems due to supplementing 3 months before childbirth significantly reduced the risk of NTDs. [ 29 ]
Food and supplement labels still generally use IU, but IU can be converted to the more useful retinol activity equivalent as follows: [19] 1 μg RAE = 3.33 IU retinol; 1 IU retinol = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from supplements = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from food = 0.05 μg RAE; 1 IU α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin from food = 0.025 μg ...
[1] Treatment may include dietary changes and folic acid supplements. [1] Dietary changes including eating foods high in folate such as, fruits and green leafy vegetables can help. [1] Prevention is recommended for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy. [1] Folate deficiency is very rare in countries with folic acid fortification ...
Doses of folic acid over 1 mg are prescription only. The amount of non-prescription prenatal vitamins needed to achieve this dose may have too much vitamin A and lead to fetal toxicity. [2] In addition, the U.S Army currently provides female soldiers with optional prenatal supplements to combat high anemia rates in female soldiers. [10]
Sometimes referred to as "food folates", these vitamers are characterized as pteroylpolyglutamates and contain between one and six additional glutamate molecules compared to folic acid. [3] Folic acid, chemically described as pteroylmonoglutamic acid, is another vitamer of vitamin B 9. Though rarely found in minimally processed foods, it is the ...
water 2.4 μg/2.4 μg vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia [18] none proven meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk C: ascorbic acid: water 90 mg/75 mg scurvy: stomach pain, diarrhoea, and flatulence. [19] many fruits and vegetables, liver D D 1: mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol, 1:1 fat 15 μg/15 μg rickets and osteomalacia
1 IU of rhEGF is defined as the potency of 0.001 μg of a rhEGF in the "91/530" standard vial. One manufacturer reports that its rhEGF is 1.4 times as potent as the 91/530 standard. [7] 12.5 IU of oxytocin is defined as the potency of 21 μg of pure peptide in the "76/575" standard vial. [8]