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  2. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Filtration depends on the development of a thin biological layer, called the zoogleal layer or Schmutzdecke, on the surface of the filter. An effective slow sand filter may remain in service for many weeks or even months, if the pretreatment is well designed, and produces water with a very low available nutrient level which physical methods of ...

  3. Carbon filtering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_filtering

    When filtering water, charcoal carbon filters are most effective at removing chlorine, particles such as sediment, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), taste and odor. They are not effective at removing minerals, salts, and dissolved inorganic substances. [6]

  4. Portable water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purification

    Instead of using the static pressure of a water supply line to force the water through the filter, pressure is provided by a hand-operated pump. These devices can generate drinkable water from seawater. The Portable Aqua Unit for Lifesaving (short PAUL) is a portable ultrafiltration-based membrane water filter for humanitarian aid. It allows ...

  5. Slow sand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_sand_filter

    The surface biofilm is the layer that provides the effective purification in potable water treatment, the underlying sand providing the support medium for this biological treatment layer. As water passes through the hypogeal layer, particles of foreign matter are trapped in the mucilaginous matrix and soluble organic material is adsorbed. The ...

  6. Sand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_filter

    The pre-treated raw water enters the filter chamber on the top, flows through the filter medium and the effluent drains through the drainage system in the lower part. Large process plants have also a system implemented to evenly distribute the raw water to the filter. In addition, a distribution system controlling the air flow is usually included.

  7. Ceramic water filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_water_filter

    Ceramic water filters (CWF) are an inexpensive and effective type of water filter that rely on the small pore size of ceramic material to filter dirt, debris, and bacteria out of water. This makes them ideal for use in developing countries , [ 1 ] and portable ceramic filters are commonly used in backpacking .

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