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In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; / ˈ f j ɔːr d, f iː ˈ ɔːr d / ⓘ [1]) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. [2] Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the northern and southern hemispheres. [3]
The fjords of the United States are mostly found along the glacial regions of the coasts of Alaska and Washington. These fjords — long narrow inlets in valleys carved by glacial activity — can have two or more basins separated by sills .
Although fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a glacially-formed topography, they still differ in some key ways: Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels. Fjards are glacial depressions or valleys that have much lower reliefs than fjords.
In Scottish Gaelic, the Firth of Clyde is treated as two bodies, with the landward end being called Linne Chluaidh (IPA: [ˈʎiɲə ˈxl̪ˠuəj]; meaning the same as the English), while the area around the south of Arran, Kintyre and Ayrshire/Galloway is An Linne Ghlas Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ə ˈʎiɲə ˈɣl̪ˠas̪].
The Oslofjord (Norwegian: Oslofjorden, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈʊ̂ʂlʊˌfjuːɳ]; English: Oslo Fjord [1] [2] [3]) is an inlet in southeastern Norway.The 120-kilometre (75 mi) fjord begins at the small village of Bonn in Frogn Municipality and stretching northwards to the city of Oslo, and then curving to the east and then south again.
The fjord reaches a maximum depth of 1,308 metres (4,291 ft) below sea level, and the greatest depths are found in the central parts of the fjord near Høyanger. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Sognefjord is more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep for about 100 kilometres (60 mi) of its length, from Rutledal to Hermansverk .
Firth is a cognate of fjord, a Norse word meaning a narrow inlet. Forth stems from the name of the river; this is *vo-rit-ia ('slow running') in Proto-Celtic, yielding Foirthe in Old Gaelic and Gweryd in Welsh. [3] It was known as Bodotria in Roman times and was referred to as Βοδερία in Ptolemy's Geography.
This list of Norwegian fjords shows many of the fjords in Norway. In total, there are about 1,190 fjords in Norway and the Svalbard islands. The sortable list ...