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2008-2009 : during the Great Trade Collapse, a drop of world GDP of 1% caused a drop of international trade of 10%. In 2013, China began its economic integration and infrastructure project, called the Belt and Road Initiative. 2014: India launches its Make in India initiative and announces its Act East Policy.
First globalization also includes technological transfers and the rise of international cultural and scientific cooperation. The 1876 World Fair in Philadelphia was the first not to take place in Europe. The modern Olympics began in 1896. The first Nobel prizes were awarded in 1901. [2] [3] [4] International trade grew for many reasons.
However, the amount of merchant goods that were produced for the merchandise trade grew. The trade in services also grew more important in the 20th compared to the 19th century. The last point that distinguishes the global trade in the 19th century compared to the global trade in the 20th century, is the extent of multinational cooperation.
International standards have made trade in goods and services more efficient. An example of such standard is the intermodal container. Containerization dramatically reduced the costs of transportation, supported the post-war boom in international trade, and was a major element in globalization. [50]
The global silver trade between the Americas, Europe, and China from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries was a spillover of the Columbian exchange which had a profound effect on the world economy. Many scholars consider the silver trade to mark the beginning of a genuinely global economy , [ 1 ] with one historian noting that silver "went ...
In the global silver trade, the Ming dynasty was stimulated by trade with the Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch. Although global, much of that silver ended up with the Chinese, and China dominated silver imports. [208] Between 1600 and 1800 China received 100 tons of silver on average per year.
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The Doha round began in Doha, Qatar, [81] and negotiations were continued in: ... International trade progressed even more rapidly, doubling on average every 4.5 ...