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To synchronize threads, Java uses monitors, which are a high-level mechanism for allowing only one thread at a time to execute a region of code protected by the monitor. The behavior of monitors is explained in terms of locks ; there is a lock associated with each object.
For example, suppose that there are three processes, namely 1, 2, and 3. All three of them are concurrently executing, and they need to share a common resource (critical section) as shown in Figure 1. Synchronization should be used here to avoid any conflicts for accessing this shared resource.
This approach is characteristic of functional programming and is also used by the string implementations in Java, C#, and Python. (See Immutable object.) The second class of approaches are synchronization-related, and are used in situations where shared state cannot be avoided: Mutual exclusion
A Java style monitor. In the Java language, each object may be used as a monitor. Methods requiring mutual exclusion must be explicitly marked with the synchronized keyword. Blocks of code may also be marked by synchronized. [6]
Actual implementation happens outside Java code, and such methods have no body. strictfp - Declares strict conformance to IEEE 754 in carrying out floating-point operations. synchronized - Declares that a thread executing this method must acquire monitor. For synchronized methods the monitor is the class instance or java.lang.Class if the ...
Join Java—concurrent, based on Java language; Joule—dataflow-based, communicates by message passing; Joyce—concurrent, teaching, built on Concurrent Pascal with features from CSP by Per Brinch Hansen; LabVIEW—graphical, dataflow, functions are nodes in a graph, data is wires between the nodes; includes object-oriented language
In computer science, read-copy-update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism that avoids the use of lock primitives while multiple threads concurrently read and update elements that are linked through pointers and that belong to shared data structures (e.g., linked lists, trees, hash tables).
An example of active object pattern in Java. [4] Firstly we can see a standard class that provides two methods that set a double to be a certain value. This class does NOT conform to the active object pattern.