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Another notable characteristic is the elongated rostrum (bill) consistent with that of other marlins and the swordfish, which together constitute what are known as billfish in sport fishing circles. Sailfish live in colder pelagic waters of all Earth's oceans, and hold the record for the highest speed of any marine animal.
The Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus albicans) is a species of marine fish in the family Istiophoridae of the order Istiophoriformes. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea , except for large areas of the central North Atlantic and the central South Atlantic , from the surface to depths of 200 m (656 ft).
Rostrum (from Latin rostrum, meaning beak) is a term used in anatomy for several kinds of hard, beak-like structures projecting out from the head or mouth of an animal. Despite some visual similarity, many of these are phylogenetically unrelated structures in widely varying species.
For example, the Atlantic catch of blue marlin declined in the 1960s. This was accompanied by an increase in sailfish catch. The sailfish catch then declined from the end of the 1970s to the end of the 1980s, compensated by an increase in swordfish catch. As a result, overall billfish catches remained fairly stable. [66]
Two species of Kansas Protosphyraena - the larger (about 3 m long) P. perniciosa and smaller P. nitida. In its general body plan, Protosphyraena resembled a modern sailfish, though it was smaller with a shorter rostrum, was somewhat less hydrodynamic, and adults possessed large blade-like teeth (adults of living swordfish species are toothless).
In the case of hammerheads the rostrum (hammer) extends both ventrally and laterally (sideways). Fish with rostrums (extended upper jawbones) Sailfish , like all billfish , have a rostrum (bill) which evolved from the upper jawbone
Its rostrum and cranium are covered with tens of thousands of sensory receptors for locating swarms of zooplankton, its primary food source. The only other species of paddlefish that survived to modern times was the Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ), last sighted in 2003 in the Yangtze River in China and considered to have gone extinct ...
The Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) is a sailfish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans and is naturalized in the Atlantic where it has entered the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant. [3]