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Lactobacillus acidophilus was first isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract in 1900 by Ernst Moro with the original name Bacillus acidophilus. Over time, there have been many changes to the methods for characterizing taxonomy of organisms, leading to the genus distinction of Lactobacillus in 1929.
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. [2] [3] Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below).
The inhibitory substances produced by vaginal Lactobacillus is a primary factor in protecting the vaginal microbiota, with organic acids, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide. These act synergistically against infection by pathogens. Not all Lactobacillus spp. and not all strains within one Lactobacillus species exhibit all 3 mechanisms. [13]
It is also present in L. acidophilus, L. buchneri, [15] L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, L. fermentum and L. helveticus with a content of 10 to 30% has been detected. [16] [15] However, lactobacillic acid is not restricted to members of the genus Lactobacillus or lactic acid bacteria in general.
VMB is dominated mainly by Lactobacillus species. This is the list of organisms that are found in the lower reproductive tract of sexually mature women who are not immunocompromised . A partial description of pathogens that can be found in the lower and upper reproductive tract of women can be found in the article sexually transmitted infection .
Infection occurs in about 30% of women who are taking a course of antibiotics by mouth. [2] Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill healthy bacteria in the vagina, such as Lactobacillus. These bacteria normally help to limit yeast colonization. [14] [15] Oral contraceptive use is also associated with increased risk of vaginal thrush. [16] [2]
Conversely, Lactobacillus fermentum and Saccharomyces boulardii have been found to be ineffective. [4] [failed verification] A combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been found to be effective in suppressing bacterial overgrowth of abnormal gas producing organisms in the small intestine. [32] [non-primary source ...
In 1920, Rettger and Cheplin reported that Metchnikoff's "Bulgarian Bacillus", later called Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, could not live in the human intestine. [70] [non-primary source needed] They conducted experiments involving rats and humans volunteers, feeding them with Lactobacillus acidophilus.