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Glomerular mesangial cells structurally support the tufts. Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus by a single arteriole called an afferent arteriole and leaves by an efferent arteriole. [3] The capillaries consist of a tube lined by endothelial cells with a central lumen. The gaps between these endothelial cells are called fenestrae.
In glomerulonephrosis, these cells are damaged, which allows proteins to pass through glomerular filtration and be lost in urine (proteinuria). Immunoglobulins , proteins of the immune system, can also be lost due to proteinuria, thus weakening the immune system and making the body more prone to infection.
Mesangial cells are modified smooth muscle cells that lie between the capillaries. They regulate blood flow by their contractile activity and secrete extracellular matrix, prostaglandins, and cytokines. Mesangial cells also have phagocytic activity, removing proteins and other molecules trapped in the glomerular basement membrane or filtration ...
Blood vessels can show fibrointimal hyperplasia and luminal narrowing: [3] meaning a layer of the blood vessel called tunica intima may thicken and the blood vessels will have a smaller opening; Glomerular tufts collapsed or reduced: [6] can also be described as the network of capillaries in the glomerulus that are the beginning of blood filtration
Some findings on urinalysis that are consistent with nephritic syndrome include red blood cells , red blood cell casts, proteinuria, and possibly white blood cells . [9] If nephritic syndrome is identified and diagnosed, then it is important for the physician to determine the underlying cause. To do this, he/she may order any of a large variety ...
It is a general term to describe scarring of the kidneys' tiny blood vessels, the glomeruli, the functional units in the kidney that filter urea from the blood. Proteinuria (large amounts of protein in the urine) is one of the signs of glomerulosclerosis. Scarring disturbs the filtering process of the kidneys and allows protein to leak from the ...
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [1] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component. [citation needed]
FPE is a typical finding in proteinuric glomerular diseases, including minimal change disease (MCD), membranous nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and IgA nephropathy. [47] FPE is hypothesized to be an adaptive mechanism in response to glomerular stress, rather than a mere consequence of cell injury and disease. [46]
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