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Desiccated thyroid has been used since the late 1800s. [3] It is usually made from pigs, sheep, or cows. [4] It is available as a generic medication. [1] In 2022, it was the 137th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. [5] [6] Usage has decreased since the 1960s. [3]
Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4). [5] [8] It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. [5] It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. [5] It is not indicated for weight loss. [5]
Liothyronine may be used when there is an impaired conversion of T 4 to T 3 in peripheral tissues. [1] The dose of liothyronine for hypothyroidism is a lower amount than levothyroxine due it being a higher concentrated synthetic medication. [1] About 25 μg of liothyronine is equivalent to 100 μg of levothyroxine. [2]
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
Analogues of peptides can also be used as drugs with an improved oral bioavailability. Thioamides inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid, reducing the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T 3) and thyroxine (T 4), thereby blocking uptake of iodotyrosines from the colloid. They also block iodine release from peripheral hormone.
In Graves' disease, treatment with antithyroid medications must be given for six months to two years, in order to be effective. Even then, upon cessation of the drugs, the hyperthyroid state may recur. Side effects of the antithyroid medications include a potentially fatal reduction in the level of white blood cells.
This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 21:20 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
For those patients where sensitivity reactions cannot be controlled, propylthiouracil may be used as an alternative; cross-sensitivity between these drugs is rare. Its most serious rare side effect is bone marrow suppression causing neutropenia and agranulocytosis. This may occur at any stage during treatment and without warning; monitoring of ...
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