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Phenomenological description has found widespread application within psychology and the cognitive sciences. For example, Maurice Merleau-Ponty is the first well known phenomenologist to openly mingle the results of empirical research with phenomenologically descriptive research.
Phenomenography is a qualitative research methodology, within the interpretivist paradigm, that investigates the qualitatively different ways in which people experience something or think about something. [1] It is an approach to educational research which appeared in publications in the early 1980s.
The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology [1] [2] was developed by the American psychologist Amedeo Giorgi in the early 1970s. Giorgi based his method on principles laid out by philosophers like Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty as well as what he had learned from his prior professional experience in psychophysics. [ 3 ]
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation. Usually, these situations are of personal significance ...
Phenomenology or phenomenological psychology, a sub-discipline of psychology, is the scientific study of subjective experiences. [1] It is an approach to psychological subject matter that attempts to explain experiences from the point of view of the subject via the analysis of their written or spoken words. [ 2 ]
For example, the act of seeing a horse qualifies as an experience, whether one sees the horse in person, in a dream, or in a hallucination. 'Bracketing' the horse suspends any judgement about the horse as noumenon , and instead analyses the phenomenon of the horse as constituted in intentional acts.
Experimental phenomenology has been defined as the investigation of phenomenological practices and their effects. [1] It has roots in Edmund Husserl's phenomenology. [2]One of the first phenomenologists to use the term experimental phenomenology was Don Ihde, [3] who explored how intentional variations of experiencing can affect classical perceptual illusions, such as the Necker cube.
Giorgi's speciality is in the area of psychological research practices, especially qualitative research approaches. He is the developer of a phenomenological method (The Descriptive Phenomenological Method in Psychology) based on the thought of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. He has directed over 100 dissertations that have used the method on a wide ...