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  2. History of molecular theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_theory

    Newton, though he acknowledged the various atom attachment theories in vogue at the time, i.e. "hooked atoms", "glued atoms" (bodies at rest), and the "stick together by conspiring motions" theory, rather believed, as famously stated in "Query 31" of his 1704 Opticks, that particles attract one another by some force, which "in immediate contact ...

  3. Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics

    Another popular theory is loop quantum gravity (LQG), which describes quantum properties of gravity and is thus a theory of quantum spacetime. LQG is an attempt to merge and adapt standard quantum mechanics and standard general relativity. This theory describes space as an extremely fine fabric "woven" of finite loops called spin networks.

  4. Quantum chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistry

    Quantum chemistry, also called molecular quantum mechanics, is a branch of physical chemistry focused on the application of quantum mechanics to chemical systems, particularly towards the quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic contributions to physical and chemical properties of molecules, materials, and solutions at the atomic level. [1]

  5. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    Transfers of energy as work, or as heat, or of matter, between the system and the surroundings, take place through the walls, according to their respective permeabilities. Matter or energy that pass across the boundary so as to effect a change in the internal energy of the system need to be accounted for in the energy balance equation.

  6. Outline of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_physics

    Different forms of Energy, their inter-conversion and the inevitable loss of energy in the form of heat (thermodynamics) Energy conservation, conversion, and transfer. Energy source the transfer of energy from one source to work in another. Kinetic molecular theory. Phases of matter and phase transitions; Temperature and thermometers; Energy ...

  7. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.

  8. Kinetic theory of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theory_of_gases

    The molecules in the gas layer have a molecular kinetic energy which increases uniformly with distance above the lower plate. The non-equilibrium energy flow is superimposed on a Maxwell-Boltzmann equilibrium distribution of molecular motions.

  9. Collision theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_theory

    Collision theory is closely related to chemical kinetics. Collision theory was initially developed for the gas reaction system with no dilution. But most reactions involve solutions, for example, gas reactions in a carrying inert gas, and almost all reactions in solutions.