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A spreadsheet's concatenate ("&") function is used to assemble a complex text string—in this example, XML code for an SVG "circle" element. In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball".
COBOL uses the STRING statement to concatenate string variables. MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y. Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET can also use the "+" sign but at the risk of ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number are together. Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string. See for example Concatenation below.
String: a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters. Strings are delimited with double quotation marks and support a backslash escaping syntax. Boolean: either of the values true or false; Array: an ordered list of zero or more elements, each of which may be of any type. Arrays use square bracket notation with comma-separated elements.
JSON Pointer [10] defines a string syntax for identifying a single value within a given JSON value of known structure. JSONiq [ 11 ] is a query and transformation language for JSON. XPath 3.1 [ 12 ] is an expression language that allows the processing of values conforming to the XDM [ 13 ] data model.
In mathematical logic and computer science, the Kleene star (or Kleene operator or Kleene closure) is a unary operation, either on sets of strings or on sets of symbols or characters. In mathematics, it is more commonly known as the free monoid construction.
Simple single-letter substitution ciphers are examples of (ε-free) string homomorphisms. An example string homomorphism g uc can also be obtained by defining similar to the above substitution: g uc (‹a›) = ‹A›, ..., g uc (‹0›) = ε, but letting g uc be undefined on punctuation chars. Examples for inverse homomorphic images are
The following code in Java SE 7 is equivalent to the code in the previous example: Mapper < CustomList , Integer > mapper = new Mapper <> (); When declaring a variable for a parameterized type, it is possible to use wildcards instead of explicit type names.