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Arvin Meritor, a Tier 1 supplier of automotive technology, at one time, was experimenting with a plasma reformer technology which would use hydrogen produced from the fuel to enhance engine combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of NO x. [26] This reference states that a 20% to 30% increase in engine thermal efficiency is possible. However ...
A Diesel engine is a compression ignition engine and does not have a spark plug. To operate a diesel engine with an alternate combustible fuel source such as natural gas, a Dual-Fuel system used with natural gas as the main fuel while diesel fuel is used for the ignition of the gas/air mixture inside the cylinder.
Low octane commercial and aviation gasoline could be used if engine oil was added, jet fuel Jet A, B, JP-4, 5, 7, and 8 could be used, as well as fuel oil #1 and #2. [5] In practice, they only used diesel fuel, their tactical advantage was never needed, and in time they were replaced with commercial diesel engines.
Summary of the main ethanol blends used around the world in 2013. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles.
Lean-burn concepts are often used for the design of heavy-duty natural gas, biogas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuelled engines. These engines can either be full-time lean-burn, where the engine runs with a weak air–fuel mixture regardless of load and engine speed, or part-time lean-burn (also known as "lean mix" or "mixed lean"), where ...
Fuel additives in the United States are regulated under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (as amended in January 1995). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the registration of all fuel additives which are commercially distributed for use in highway motor vehicles in the United States, [8] and may require testing and ban harmful additives.
The fraction of water that an ethanol-gasoline fuel can contain without phase separation increases with the percentage of ethanol. [29] For example, E30 can have up to about 2% water. If there is more than about 71% ethanol, the remainder can be any proportion of water or gasoline and phase separation does not occur.
The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) also has standards for motor oil. Introduced in 2004, GF-4 [27] applies to SAE 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, and 10W-30 viscosity grade oils. In general, ILSAC works with API in creating the newest gasoline oil specification, with ILSAC adding an extra requirement of fuel ...