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< $5 billion Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. [ 2 ] Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates .
According to Central Intelligence Agency, "budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit).
In the 1970s, manufacturing accounted for over 20 percent of the economy. Total employment in manufacturing fell from 7.1 million in 1979 to 4.5 million in 1992 and only 2.7 million in 2016, when it accounted for 10% of the economy. [102] [103] Manufacturing has increased in 36 of the last 50 years and was twice in 2007 what is in 1958. [104]
Countries by GNI (PPP) per capita in 2016. This article includes a list of countries of the world and their gross national income (GNI) (formerly GNP) per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2023, as reported by the World Bank.
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[1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments. [ 1 ] : 208, s7.243 Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates.
In that year the sector had a turnover of £52.5 billion, generated £26.6 billion of exports [153] and produced around 1.45 million passenger vehicles and 203,000 commercial vehicles. [152] The UK is a major centre for engine manufacturing, and in 2008 around 3.16 million engines were produced in the country.
Unemployment surged, reaching 5.9% in 1991 and escalating further to 7.2% in 2000. Pakistan's external debt tripled, soaring to US$30 billion by 1995. The external debt/GDP ratio rose from 42% to 50%, accompanied by increases in the external debt/exports ratio (from 209% to 258%) and the debt service ratio (from 18% to 27%).