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If an atom has more electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative charge and is called a negative ion (or anion). Conversely, if it has more protons than electrons, it has a positive charge and is called a positive ion (or cation). The electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by the electromagnetic force.
Atomic number (Z): 32: Group: group 14 (carbon group) Period: period 4: Block p-block Electron configuration [] 3d 10 4s 2 4pElectrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 4: Physical properties; Phase at STP
Theories of chemical structure were first developed by August Kekulé, Archibald Scott Couper, and Aleksandr Butlerov, among others, from about 1858. [4] These theories were first to state that chemical compounds are not a random cluster of atoms and functional groups, but rather had a definite order defined by the valency of the atoms composing the molecule, giving the molecules a three ...
The fine structure energy corrections can be obtained by using perturbation theory.To perform this calculation one must add three corrective terms to the Hamiltonian: the leading order relativistic correction to the kinetic energy, the correction due to the spin–orbit coupling, and the Darwin term coming from the quantum fluctuating motion or zitterbewegung of the electron.
1,3,5-Trioxane, sometimes also called trioxane or trioxin, is a chemical compound with molecular formula C 3 H 6 O 3.It is a white, highly water-soluble solid with a chloroform-like odor.
The first theory of atomic hyperfine structure was given in 1930 by Enrico Fermi [1] for an atom containing a single valence electron with an arbitrary angular momentum. The Zeeman splitting of this structure was discussed by S. A. Goudsmit and R. F. Bacher later that year.
A skeletal isomer of a compound is a structural isomer that differs from it in the atoms and bonds that are considered to comprise the "skeleton" of the molecule. For organic compounds, such as alkanes, that usually means the carbon atoms and the bonds between them.
Unit cell of Laves phase with MgZn 2 structure (Mg atoms are green). Laves polyhedron. Laves phases are intermetallic phases that have composition AB 2 and are named for Fritz Laves who first described them.