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  2. Cross-multiplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-multiplication

    where x is a variable we are interested in solving for, we can use cross-multiplication to determine that x = b c d . {\displaystyle x={\frac {bc}{d}}.} For example, suppose we want to know how far a car will travel in 7 hours, if we know that its speed is constant and that it already travelled 90 miles in the last 3 hours.

  3. Numberphile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberphile

    Numberphile is an educational YouTube channel featuring videos that explore topics from a variety of fields of mathematics. [2] [3] In the early days of the channel, each video focused on a specific number, but the channel has since expanded its scope, [4] featuring videos on more advanced mathematical concepts such as Fermat's Last Theorem, the Riemann hypothesis [5] and Kruskal's tree ...

  4. Nested radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_radical

    In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting. [2]If a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that + = if and only if is the square of a rational number d.

  5. Algebraic expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_expression

    A rational algebraic expression (or rational expression) is an algebraic expression that can be written as a quotient of polynomials, such as x 2 + 4x + 4. An irrational algebraic expression is one that is not rational, such as √ x + 4.

  6. Diophantine approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_approximation

    The first problem was to know how well a real number can be approximated by rational numbers. For this problem, a rational number p/q is a "good" approximation of a real number α if the absolute value of the difference between p/q and α may not decrease if p/q is replaced by another

  7. Indicator function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator_function

    The notation is also used to denote the characteristic function in convex analysis, which is defined as if using the reciprocal of the standard definition of the indicator function.

  8. Rational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number

    In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...

  9. Expression (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(mathematics)

    Any variable can be classified as being either a free variable or a bound variable. For a given combination of values for the free variables, an expression may be evaluated, although for some combinations of values of the free variables, the value of the expression may be undefined.