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The standard definition of ordinal exponentiation with base α is: =, =, when has an immediate predecessor . = {< <}, whenever is a limit ordinal. From this definition, it follows that for any fixed ordinal α > 1, the mapping is a normal function, so it has arbitrarily large fixed points by the fixed-point lemma for normal functions.
Many types of bracket are used in mathematics. Their meanings depend not only on their shapes, but also on the nature and the arrangement of what is delimited by them, and sometimes what appears between or before them. For this reason, in the entry titles, the symbol is used as a placeholder for schematizing the syntax that underlies the meaning.
Sometimes, font variants of Greek letters are used as distinct symbols in mathematics, in particular for ε/ϵ and π/ϖ. The archaic letter digamma (Ϝ/ϝ/ϛ) is sometimes used. The Bayer designation naming scheme for stars typically uses the first Greek letter, α, for the brightest star in each constellation, and runs through the alphabet ...
A reference to a standard or choice-free presentation of some mathematical object (e.g., canonical map, canonical form, or canonical ordering). The same term can also be used more informally to refer to something "standard" or "classic". For example, one might say that Euclid's proof is the "canonical proof" of the infinitude of primes.
This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters. For other languages and symbol sets (especially in mathematics and science), see below
The rationale behind this is that it enables design and usage of special mathematical characters that include all necessary properties to differentiate from other alphanumerics, e.g. in mathematics an italic "𝐴" can have a different meaning from a roman letter "A".
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ( January 2011 ) Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics , science , engineering , and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants , special functions , and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
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