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Oryza segetalis Russell ex Steud. Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago. [3][4][5][6]
Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima ). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to 1–2 metres (3–7 ft) tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.
For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). Rice plant (Oryza sativa) with branched panicles containing many grains on each stem Rice grains of different varieties at the International Rice Research Institute Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza ...
Perennial rice—like many other perennial plants —can spread by horizontal stems below or just above the surface of the soil but they also reproduce sexually by producing flowers, pollen and seeds. As with any other grain crop, it is the seeds that are harvested and eaten by humans. Perennial rice is one of several perennial grains that have ...
Medicago sativa, alfalfa. Nigella sativa, a flower whose edible seeds are sometimes known as "black cumin " or "black caraway ". Oryza sativa, rice. Pastinaca sativa., parsnip, a root vegetable closely related to the carrot and parsley; all belong to the family Apiaceae. Pisum sativum, pea plant. Ribes sativum, the whitecurrant.
The origin of Oryza sativa rice domestication has been a subject of much debate among those who study crop history and anthropology – whether rice originated in India or China. [39] [40] Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of oldest crop species. It has tens of thousands of varieties and two major subspecies, japonica and indica.
The gynoecium is often referred to as the "female" portion of the flower, although rather than directly producing female gametes (i.e. egg cells), the gynoecium produces megaspores, each of which develops into a female gametophyte which then produces egg cells. The term gynoecium is also used by botanists to refer to a cluster of archegonia and ...
Oryza punctata is a caespitose (tussock forming) annual hydrophyte (grows in/on water). [3] [10] The culm base of O. punctata is spongy and greater than 4 mm in diameter.The culm is glabrous (smooth and without hairs) and striate (parallel longitudinal grooves); it is erect or geniculately (bent like a knee) ascending and from 50–120 cm tall with 3–5 nodes.