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Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name, FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face, those that position the scapula, and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
Other relatively common muscular dystrophies include Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy, [1] whereas limb–girdle muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy are themselves groups of several – usually extremely rare – genetic disorders.
Calpainopathy is the most common type of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). [2] It preferentially affects the muscles of the hip girdle and shoulder girdle. No disease modifying pharmaceuticals have been developed as of 2019, although physical therapy, lifestyle modification, and orthopedic surgery can address symptoms.
[1] [3] In 1995, the disorder was linked to mutations in a gene coding for the protein fukutin (the FCMD gene). Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy is the second most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy in Japan. One out of every 90 people in Japan is a heterozygous carrier. [medical citation needed]
[29] [31] Example, in the United Kingdom MDC1A constituted about 37% of all congenital muscular dystrophy subtypes namely the most common subtype. [31] In Qatar, MDC1A constituted 48% of congenital muscular dystrophy subtypes with estimated a point prevalence of 0.8 in 100.000 in a patient cohort from the Gulf and Middle East. [32]
Coats' disease is a rare extramuscular manifestation of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). A single study reported it in 1 percent of FSHD patients, most often those with FSHD type 1 (FSHD1) with large D4Z4 deletions .
This gene maps to a location 100 kb centromeric of the repeat units on chromosome 4q35 which are deleted in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). It is evolutionarily conserved [ 8 ] and has related sequences on multiple human chromosomes but DNA sequence analysis did not reveal any homology to known genes.
Fukuyama-type muscular dystrophy; Fumarase deficiency; Fumaric aciduria; Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor; Fuqua–Berkovitz syndrome; Furlong–Kurczynski–Hennessy syndrome; Furukawa–Takagi–Nakao syndrome; Furunculous myiasis; Fused mandibular incisors