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A collection item (also called a noncash item) is an item presented to a bank for deposit that the bank will not, under its procedures, provisionally credit to the depositor's account or which the bank cannot (due to provisions or law or regulation) provisionally credit to a depositor's account. [1] Collection items do not create float. [1]
From Buildings and Loans to Bail-Outs: A History of the American Savings and Loan Industry, 1831–1995 (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Meltzer, Allan H. A History of the Federal Reserve (2 vol. U of Chicago Press, 2010). Murphy, Sharon Ann. Other People's Money: How Banking Worked in the Early American Republic (2017) online review
A wildcat bank is broadly defined as one that prints more currency than it is capable of continuously redeeming in specie. A more specific definition, established by historian of economics Hugh Rockoff in the 1970s, applies the term to free banks whose notes were backed by overvalued securities – bonds which were valued at par by the state, but which had a market value below par. [2]
The collecting bank may refuse to accept a warrant issue, in which case other banks may also refuse to accept them. [8] "The warrants of a municipal corporation are not negotiable instruments. They do not constitute a new debt, or evidence of a new debt, but are only the prescribed means devised by law for drawing money from the treasury." [9]
A national bank is a bank that is nationally or federally chartered and is allowed to operate throughout the country in any state. An advantage of holding a National Bank Act charter is that a national bank is not subject to state usury laws intended to prevent predatory lending. [16] (However, see also Cuomo v.
Bank failures led to the loss of billions of dollars in assets. [201] Outstanding debts became heavier, because prices and incomes fell by 20–50% but the debts remained at the same dollar amount. After the panic of 1929, and during the first 10 months of 1930, 744 US banks failed.
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Thus, by the 19th century, we find in ordinary cases of deposits, of money with banking corporations, or bankers, the transaction amounts to a mere loan, or mutuum, and the bank is to restore, not the same money, but an equivalent sum, whenever it is demanded [13] and money, when paid into a bank, ceases altogether to be the money of the ...