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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic; if symptoms appear they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection.
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever.It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. [1] [2] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [3] [4] [5] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [1]
In 1906, transmission by the Aedes mosquitoes was confirmed, and in 1907 dengue was the second disease (after yellow fever) that was shown to be caused by a virus. [42] Further investigations by John Burton Cleland and Joseph Franklin Siler completed the basic understanding of dengue transmission.
Under the program, authorities release special mosquitoes bred to carry a bacteria called Wolbachia, which blocks the transmission of viruses that cause dengue, zika, and yellow fever. However ...
Humans are reservoirs for dengue, so in order to have widespread transmission, enough people must be infected for the mosquitoes to reliably bite someone with the virus so that they can spread it ...
Over the last twenty years, there has been a geographic spread of the disease. Dengue incidence rates have risen sharply within urban areas which have recently become endemic hot spots for the disease. [57] The recent spread of Dengue can also be attributed to rapid population growth, increased coagulation in urban areas, and global travel.
The process of climate change has produced abundant rains and high temperatures, (a phenomenon called tropicalization) favouring the reproduction of the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, advancing the epidemic this year by several weeks compared to previous seasons, which historically, Infection peaks tended to occur between March and April, suggesting a continued increase in cases. [11]
Dengue is an example of a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Dengue fever. While endothelial cells are not the major cell type Dengue targets, the virus binds to various cell surface receptors on endothelial cells with particular productive infection via heparan sulfate -containing cell surface receptors. [ 14 ]