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  2. Bird anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_anatomy

    The bird skeleton is highly adapted for flight. It is extremely lightweight but strong enough to withstand the stresses of taking off, flying, and landing. One key adaptation is the fusing of bones into single ossifications, such as the pygostyle. Because of this, birds usually have a smaller number of bones than other terrestrial vertebrates.

  3. Furcula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furcula

    This stylised bird skeleton highlights the furcula Wishbone of a chicken. The furcula (Latin for "little fork"; pl.: furculae) [a] or wishbone is a forked bone found in most birds and some species of non-avian dinosaurs, and is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles. [1]

  4. Synsacrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synsacrum

    The synsacrum is a skeletal structure of birds and other dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. This structure can only be seen in birds. Some posterior thoracic vertebrae, the lumbar, sacral and a few anterior caudal vertebrae are fused to form a complex ...

  5. Bird wing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_wing

    Wing skeleton. Highlighted in red: carpometacarpus and three fingers. The bones of three fingers are preserved in the bird wing. The question of which fingers they are has been discussed for about 150 years, and an extensive literature is devoted to it.

  6. Bird feet and legs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_feet_and_legs

    Birds are generally digitigrade animals (toe-walkers), [7] [10] which affects the structure of their leg skeleton. They use only their hindlimbs to walk . [2] Their forelimbs evolved to become wings. Most bones of the avian foot (excluding toes) are fused together or with other bones, having changed their function over time.

  7. Keel (bird anatomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel_(bird_anatomy)

    This stylised bird skeleton highlights the keel bone. A keel or carina (pl.: carinae) in bird anatomy is an extension of the sternum (breastbone) which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs.

  8. Tarsometatarsus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsometatarsus

    Pigeon skeleton. Number 8 indicates both left and right tarsometatarsus. The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is only found in the lower leg of birds and some non-avian dinosaurs. . It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsus (ankle bones) and metatarsal bones (foo

  9. Spur (zoology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spur_(zoology)

    A number of birds have spurs on their feet or legs, usually formed from the lower portion of the tarsometatarsus bone. Best known are the spurs on chicken, though most galliform birds bear spurs. The spurs are mostly found in males, and used in mating competition or territory defence. Some birds have spurs on the wings rather than the legs.

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