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It was the deadliest concentration camp and Jews sent there faced a virtual death sentence even if they were not immediately killed, as most were. In August 1943, 74,000 of the 224,000 registered prisoners in all SS concentration camps were in Auschwitz. [44]
According to the Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, there were 23 main concentration camps (German: Stammlager), of which most had a system of satellite camps. [1] Including the satellite camps, the total number of Nazi concentration camps that existed at one point in time is at least a thousand, although these did not all exist at the same time.
Auschwitz concentration camp, also known as Oświęcim concentration camp, [3] [a] was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) [4] during World War II and the Holocaust.
A kapo (German: Kapo) was one of the prisoner functionaries (German: Funktionshäftlinge), a prisoner in a Nazi camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks. After World War II, the term was reused as an insult; according to The Jewish Chronicle, it is "the worst insult a Jew can give ...
During the Final Solution of the Holocaust, Nazi Germany created six extermination camps to carry out the systematic genocide of the Jews in German-occupied Europe.All the camps were located in the General Government area of German-occupied Poland, with the exception of Chelmno, which was located in the Reichsgau Wartheland of German-occupied Poland.
In June 1940, after the outbreak of World War II, the Fascist Italian government opened around 50 concentration camps. [5] These were used predominantly to hold political prisoners but also around 2,200 Jews of foreign nationality (Italian Jews were not interned). The Jews in these camps were treated no differently than political prisoners.
"The Genesis and Structure of the National Socialist Concentration Camps". Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. 1. Indiana University Press. pp. 183– 196. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3. Piper, Franciszek (1994).
Despite many deaths, as many as 200,000 Jews survived the war inside the concentration camps. [321] Although most Holocaust victims were never imprisoned in a concentration camp, the image of these camps is a popular symbol of the Holocaust. [322] Including the Soviet prisoners of war, 13 million people were brought to Germany for forced labor ...