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The Pagan Kingdom (Burmese: ပုဂံပြည်, pronounced [bəɡàɰ̃ kʰɪʔ], lit. ' Bagan State '; also known as the Pagan dynasty; also Romanized Bagan) was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Myanmar.
Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. [1] From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute Myanmar.
Pagan Empire, estimated by GE Harvey. By the mid-1050s, Anawrahta's reforms had turned Pagan into a regional power, and he looked to expand. Over the next ten years, he founded the Pagan Empire, the Irrawaddy valley at the core, surrounded by tributary kingdoms. [15] Estimates of the extent of his empire vary greatly.
Pagan was one of several competing city-states until the late 10th century when it grew in authority and grandeur. [8] Two hundred years after Pyinbya founded Pagan, his great-grandson Anawrahta went on to create the Pagan Empire, the first ever unification of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery.
The restoration of paganism from Julian until Valens was a brief period, from 361 until 375, of relative tolerance towards pagans in the Roman Empire.In the late Roman Empire, it was preceded by a period of persecutions under Emperor Constantius II and was followed by those of Emperor Gratian.
Anti-pagan laws were established and continued on after Theodosius I until the fall of the Roman Empire in the West. Arcadius , Honorius , Theodosius II , Marcian and Leo I reiterated the bans on pagan sacrifices and divination and increased the penalties.
The Early Pagan Kingdom (Burmese: ခေတ်ဦး ပုဂံ ပြည်) was a city-state that existed in the first millennium CE before the emergence of the Pagan Empire in the mid 11th century. The Burmese chronicles state that the "kingdom" was founded in the second century CE.
The Mongol Empire first arrived at the doorstep of the Pagan Empire in 1252 by invading the Dali Kingdom in its attempt to outflank Song China. The Mongol armies captured the capital, Dali, on 7 January 1253, and went on to pacify much of the kingdom by 1257.