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The testudo was a common formation in the Middle Ages, being used by Muhammad's forces during the Siege of Ta'if in 630, [4] also by the Carolingian Frankish soldiers of Louis the Pious to advance on the walls of Barcelona during the siege of 800–801, by Vikings during the siege of Paris in 885–886, by East Frankish soldiers under king ...
An illustration of the shell of Hesperotestudo orthopygia. Species list is based on Vlachos, 2018 [2] † Hesperotestudo Williams 1950 [7] †Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000 [8] Bermuda, Middle Pleistocene c. 310,000 years before present (YBP) - shell length c. 50 centimetres (1.6 ft) [3] [9]
The Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca), also known commonly as the spur-thighed tortoise [1] or Moorish tortoise, [3] is a species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae. Testudo graeca is one of five species of Mediterranean tortoises ( genera Testudo and Agrionemys ).
Testudo, the Mediterranean tortoises, are a genus of tortoises found in North Africa, Western Asia, and Europe. Several species are under threat in the wild, mainly from habitat destruction . Background
Testudo hermanii [sic] Gerlach, 2001 ; Testudo hermannii [sic] Claude & Tong, 2004 (ex errore) Eurotestudo hermanni — de Lapparent de Broin et al., 2006; T. h. boettgeri. Testudo graeca var. boettgeri Mojsisovics, 1889; Testudo graeca var. hercegovinensis F. Werner, 1899; Testudo enriquesi Parenzan, 1932; Testudo hermanni boettgeri — Bour, 1987
The Tunisian tortoise is a relatively small tortoise.The adult males usually have carapaces that seldom exceed 13 cm (about 4.5 in), whilst the adult females' carapaces are no more than 16.5 cm (some 6.5 in) long.
The Russian tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii), also commonly known as the Afghan tortoise, the Central Asian tortoise, the four-clawed tortoise, the four-toed tortoise, Horsfield's tortoise, the Russian steppe tortoise, the Soviet Tortoise, and the steppe tortoise, [3] [4] is a threatened species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae.
Testudo formation, a Roman military tactic which involved a formation of soldiers using their shields to form a tortoise-shell-like protective cover against enemy weapons; Testudo, the Latin variant of the Greek chelys harp, involving a sound-box made from a tortoise shell; Testudo, an obsolete constellation now in the constellation of Pisces