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Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula Li Cl.The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li + ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and its hygroscopic properties.
Liquid properties Std enthalpy of formation Δ f H o liquid: −390.76 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o liquid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p? J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy of formation Δ f H o gas: −195.2 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o gas: 212.7 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p: 33.2 J/(mol K)
Lithium production has greatly increased since the end of World War II. The main sources of lithium are brines and ores. Lithium metal is produced through electrolysis applied to a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C. [107]
Molten FLiBe (2LiF·BeF 2). Molten salt is salt which is solid at standard temperature and pressure but liquified due to elevated temperature. A salt that is liquid even at standard temperature and pressure is usually called a room-temperature ionic liquid, and molten salts are technically a class of ionic liquids.
List of desiccants: [1]. Activated alumina; Aerogel; Benzophenone (as anion); Bentonite clay; Calcium chloride; Calcium hydride; Calcium oxide; Calcium sulfate ...
In September 2014, a study described an arrangement using a molten alloy of lead and antimony for the positive electrode, liquid lithium for the negative electrode; and a molten mixture of lithium salts as the electrolyte. A recent innovation is the PbBi alloy which enables lower melting point lithium-based battery.
Examples of liquid desiccants include lithium chloride, lithium bromide, [20] calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium formate, triethylene glycol, and [EMIM][OAc]. [21] Concentrated brine can serve as a desiccant. The brine absorbs water, which is then extracted and purified. Some versions produce 5 gallons of water per gallon of fuel. [22]
Superconcentrated electrolytes, also known as water-in-salt or solvent-in-salt liquids, usually refer to chemical systems, which are liquid near room temperature and consist of a solvent-to-dissoved salt in a molar ratio near or smaller than ca. 4-8, i.e. where all solvent molecules are coordinated to cations, and no free solvent molecules remain. [1]
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