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The stola (Classical Latin: [ˈst̪ɔ.ɫ̪a]) (pl. stolae) was the traditional garment of Roman women, corresponding to the toga that was worn by men. [1] It was also called vestis longa in Latin literary sources, [ 2 ] pointing to its length.
The toga was considered Rome's "national costume," privileged to Roman citizens but for day-to-day activities most Romans preferred more casual, practical and comfortable clothing; the tunic, in various forms, was the basic garment for all classes, both sexes and most occupations. It was usually made of linen, and was augmented as necessary ...
As Roman women gradually adopted the stola, the toga was recognized as formal wear for male Roman citizens. [1] Women found guilty of adultery and women engaged in prostitution might have provided the main exceptions to this rule. [2] The type of toga worn reflected a citizen's rank in the civil hierarchy.
Statue of Livia Drusilla wearing a stola and palla.. The palla was an elegant cloak or mantle that was wrapped around the body. It was worn outside the house by (affluent) Roman women.
Vestal costume had elements in common with high-status Roman bridal dress, and with the formal dress of high-status Roman matrons (married citizen-women). Vestals and matrons wore a long linen palla over a white woollen stola, a rectangular female citizen's wrap, equivalent to the male citizen's semi-circular toga. [73]
The stola was a long white dress that was cinched at the waist and which fell to the wearer’s feet, secured by clasps at the shoulder. Wealthier women would decorate their stola further. When going out a woman wore a palla over her stola, which was held by a clasp at the shoulder. [162]
Eumachia is dressed in a palla over a tunic and stola, in Hellenistic style. Eumachia has an idealized portrait. [13] Palla, delicate women's poses, features, and material, was the aim of Rome's social control approach, which alludes to Livia, whose statues popularized the representation of the stola. [14]
The Statue of Liberty, by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, bears the classical appearance of the Roman stola, sandals, and facial expression which are derived from Libertas, ancient Rome's goddess of freedom from slavery, oppression, and tyranny. Her raised right foot is on the move.