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Mahmud married the daughter of Abu'l Haret Ahmad, [11] and they had twin sons, Mohammad and Ma'sud, who succeeded him one after the other; his grandson by Mas'ud, Maw'dud Ghaznavi, also later became ruler of the empire.
Ghazni: Ismail of Ghazni (Amir of Ghazna) Mahmud: Mahmud of Ghazna is made Amir of Ghazna. [4] May 999 Battle of Merv Merv: Mahmud of Ghazni(Samanid forces for Mansur II) Samanid forces of Abd al-Malik II: Mahmud of Ghazni [5] 1001 Battle of Peshawar: Peshawar: Mahmud of Ghazni: Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids [6] 1005-6 Siege of Multan Multan ...
Mahmud installed Governors in the lands he had conquered, and returned to Ghazni by June of the next year. [9] Anandapala sent an embassy to Mahmud, with a proposal for peace, which was accepted. [9] The Hindu Shahis had accept tributary status, provide some level of military support, guarantee passage of troops, and remit an annual tribute. [9]
After a decisive military campaign, Mahmud captured Multan. [3] Abdul Fateh Daud was permitted to retain nominal control of the city under stringent conditions, effectively reducing him to a vassal. In Mahmud's absence, he appointed Nawasa Khan, a Hindu who later on convert to Islam, to govern Multan. However, Nawasa Khan soon renounced Islam ...
Coin of Mahmud minted in Ghazni. Most coins were minted in Parwan, they were made of gold, silver, and copper. Mahmud was the first Muslim ruler to commission coinage featuring bilingual inscriptions and dates in both Arabic and Sanskrit/Devanagari. [4] Mahmud left the empire to his son Mohammed, who was mild, affectionate and soft.
In 1026, Mahmud of Ghazni led an army of 80,000 men on a campaign to plunder the Somanath temple. Rajput forces opposed his army at Somanath, but the Sultan's forces emerged victorious, with a devastating toll of 50,000 casualties among the defending army.
Mahmud made the difficult decision to abandon the siege and retreat towards Ghazni. [3] [2] The journey back to Ghazni was arduous and perilous for Mahmud and his troops, fraught with numerous hardships and obstacles. [7] Treacherous marshes proved particularly hazardous, resulting in significant casualties among the retreating forces.
Following Mahmud's second campaign in the Gangetic valley, a Rashtrakuta prince named Chandra founded himself at Kannauj in 1027. The fourth ruler in his lineage was a king named Gopala. [13] Between 1086 and 1090, Mahmud, the son of Ibrahim of Ghazni and the governor of Punjab under the Ghaznavid rule, launched another invasion of Kannauj. [14]