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Pelvimetry is the measurement of the female pelvis. [1] It can theoretically identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion, which is when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. However, clinical evidence indicate that all pregnant women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry results.
pelvis: Greek πύελος (púelos), pelvis, wash basin pyelonephritis: pykno-to thicken (as the nucleus does in early stages of cell death) Greek πύκνωσις (púknōsis), thickening pyknosis: pylor-gate Greek πυλωρός (pulōrós), gate keeper; lower orifice of the stomach pyloric sphincter: pyr-fever
They further established that a "normal" diameter of the femur head measures 20% of the height of the pelvis. If the middle line of the neck-head junction was more than 10% of the pelvis height above the reference line they considered the joint to be more than 50% dislocated. [13] The following types resulted: [13]
the ratio of hip circumference to shoulder circumference varies by biological sex: the average ratio for women is 1:1.03, for men it is 1:1.18. [9] legs (floor to crotch, which are typically three-and-a-half to four heads long; arms about three heads long; hands are as long as the face. [10]
The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantifications System (POP-Q) is a system for assessing the degree of prolapse of pelvic organs to help standardize diagnosing, comparing, documenting, and sharing of clinical findings. [1] [2] This assessment is the most frequently used [3] [4] among research publications related to pelvic organ prolapse. [4]
An X-ray film obtained in the AP view of the pelvic inlet and outlet will show a marked gap between the pubic bones. [3] A normal pelvis will show a gap that is 4–5 mm. However, in pregnancy the hormonal influences cause relaxation of the connecting ligaments and the bones separate up to 9 mm. A gap measuring greater than 10 mm indicates a ...
An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Projectional radiography ("X-ray") is the first imaging technique of choice in hip pain, not only in older people with suspected osteoarthritis but also in young people without any such suspicion. In this case plain radiography allows categorization as normal hip or dysplastic hip, or with impingement signs, pincer, cam, or a combination of ...