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C2 innervates the rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis muscles, and provides sensory nerves to the trapezius and the back of the scalp and upper neck. [2] At the atlantoaxial joint, the C2 spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cord through a small bony opening known as the intervertebral foramen located above the C2 vertebra.
The second (foraminal) part runs upward through the transverse foramina of the C6 to C2 vertebrae, and is surrounded by branches from the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and by a plexus of veins which unite to form the vertebral vein at the lower part of the neck.
Foramina Number Vessels Nerves frontal-supraorbital foramen: 2: supraorbital artery supraorbital vein: supraorbital nerve: frontal: anterior cranial fossa: foramen cecum: 1: emissary veins to superior sagittal sinus from the upper part of the nose [3] ethmoid: anterior cranial fossa (osama) foramina of cribriform plate ~20-olfactory nerve ...
The upper surface of each usually has a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The transverse foramen may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but it is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally, it is double, and sometimes it is absent.
In anatomy, the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. The spinal cord passes through the axis. The defining feature of the axis is its strong bony protrusion known as the dens, which rises from the superior aspect of the bone.
C1 is also called the atlas, and C2 is also called the axis. The structure of these vertebrae is the reason why the neck and head have a large range of motion. The atlanto-occipital joint allows the skull to move up and down, while the atlanto-axial joint allows the upper neck to twist left and right.
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas). The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine. The skull can be further subdivided into:
This groove transmits the vertebral artery, which, after ascending through the foramen in the transverse process, winds around the lateral mass in a direction backward and medially to enter the vertebrobasilar circulation through the foramen magnum; it also transmits the suboccipital nerve (first spinal nerve).