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SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
The marketing mix has been defined as the "set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market". [2] Marketing theory emerged in the early twenty-first century. The contemporary marketing mix which has become the dominant framework for marketing management decisions was first published in 1984. [3]
SQL [1] is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as insert data to a database, delete or update data in a database, or retrieve data from a database.
Marketing mix modeling (MMM) is an analytical approach that uses historic information to quantify impact of marketing activities on sales. Example information that can be used are syndicated point-of-sale data (aggregated collection of product retail sales activity across a chosen set of parameters, like category of product or geographic market) and companies’ internal data.
It consists of information technology, marketing data, systems tools, and modeling capabilities that enable it to provide predicted outcomes from different scenarios and marketing strategies. [1] [2] MKDSS assists decision makers in different scenarios and can be a very helpful tool for a business to take over their competitors. [3]
The "marketing mix" (also known as the four Ps) is a foundation concept in marketing and has defined the so-called managerial approach since the 1960s. The marketing mix or marketing program is understood to refer to the "set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market". [40]
Many terms are used in the marketing field. AIDA (marketing) Arrow information paradox; Attack marketing; Bargain bin; Business-to-business; Business-to-consumer; Business-to-government; Cause marketing; Copy testing; Cost per conversion; Customer lifetime value; Customer relationship management; Decision making unit; Disintermediation; Double ...
These sub-languages are mainly categorized into four categories: a data query language (DQL), a data definition language (DDL), a data control language (DCL), and a data manipulation language (DML). Sometimes a transaction control language (TCL) [ 1 ] is argued to be part of the sub-language set as well.