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Furfuryl alcohol is manufactured industrially by hydrogenation of furfural, which is itself typically produced from waste bio-mass such as corncobs or sugar cane bagasse. As such furfuryl alcohol may be considered a green chemical. [5] One-pot systems have been investigated to produce furfuryl alcohol directly from xylose using solid acid ...
5-Methylfurfuryl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 8 O 2. It is one of many volatile compounds present in Nicotiana tabacum , [ 3 ] and is formed from the reduction of 5-methylfurfural , [ 4 ] a compound formed from the reduction of 5-bromo- or 5-chloromethylfurfural . [ 5 ]
The global production capacity is about 800,000 tons as of 2012. China is the biggest supplier of furfural, and accounts for the greater part of global capacity. The other two major commercial producers are Illovo Sugar in South Africa and Central Romana in the Dominican Republic. [20]
It remains economical because both products have commercial value. The bio-catalytic route involves the microorganism Nocardia corallina . This produces 2-furoic acid in higher yields: 98% from 2-furfuryl alcohol and 88% from 2-furfural, [ 7 ] but has yet to be commercialised.
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In the furfurylation process, the walls of woody cells are initially swollen with the furfuryl-alcohol-based solution. Due to its polarity and size, furfuryl alcohol penetrates the cell wall. [3] The polymerization of furfuryl alcohol in wood is a complex reaction whose processes are not fully understood.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) is an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 C 4 H 7 O. In terms of its structure, it consists of a tetrahydrofuran ring substituted in the 2-position with a hydroxymethyl group. It is a colorless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent and synthetic intermediate, e.g. to 3,4-dihydropyran.
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), also known as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound formed by the dehydration of reducing sugars. [4] [5] It is a white low-melting solid (although commercial samples are often yellow) which is highly soluble in both water and organic solvents.