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The biopsychosocial model of health. Biopsychosocial models are a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors. These models specifically examine how these aspects play a role in a range of topics but mainly psychiatry, health and human development.
However, in 1983, twenty-two WHO member countries from the Eastern Mediterranean Region proposed a draft resolution to this preamble to include reference to spiritual health, such that it would redefine health as a state of "physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". [63]
Critiques and evaluations of the MMRS or BMMRS have appeared in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, [3] Research on Aging, [4] [5] the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, [6] the International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, [7] [8] Journal of Religion and Health, [9] [10] Research in the Social Scientific Study of ...
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Transpersonal psychology, or spiritual psychology, is an area of psychology that seeks to integrate the spiritual and transcendent human experiences within the framework of modern psychology. [ 1 ]
The best-known stage model of spiritual or religious development is that of James W. Fowler, a developmental psychologist at the Candler School of Theology, in his Stages of Faith. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] He follows Piaget and Kohlberg and has proposed a holistic staged development of faith (or spiritual development) across the lifespan.
Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is a "state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and can contribute to his or her community". [1]
The body of classical Islamic literature on psychology and mental health can be categorized into three distinct categories: [5] The largest and most robust source, Sufi literature and teachings, includes the prominent Islamic philosopher al-Ghazali. [5] "Mental health" is related to the health of the "soul", the "spiritual heart", or one's ...