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[9] [10] [11] During the interwar period, the Lithuanian side, while admitting that there were few Lithuanians living in Vilnius, claimed it on historical grounds – as the former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [12] [7] Lithuania demanded Polish troops withdraw behind the line established by the Suwałki Agreement. Poland rejected ...
The Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were part of the Russian Empire during the 19th century, achieving independence in the aftermath of World War I.The rise of Nazi Germany during the 1930s created Soviet fears of a German invasion, [3] further aggravated by German expansion to the East, such as the ultimatum to Lithuania in March 1939, as a result of which the nation was ...
The Nazis physically harassed Lithuanian organizations. On 1 November 1938 Lithuania was pressured into lifting martial law and press censorship. [9] During the December elections to the Klaipėda Parliament, pro-German parties received 87% of votes (25 seats out of 29) in the Klaipėda territory. [10] Dr.
Antanas Smetona, the first and last president of independent Lithuania during the interbellum years. The 1918–1939 period is often known as "Smetona's time". The Third Seimas of Lithuania was elected in May 1926. For the first time, the bloc led by the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party lost their majority and went into opposition.
Voldemaras, although there is no evidence that he was involved in planning the coup, [26] was sentenced to 12 years in prison on 17 June. [34] Separately, he was tried for the article in Tautos balsas and received a six-month prison sentence in November 1934. [11] He was released in 1938 on the condition that he would depart Lithuania. [34]
In addition, Lithuania received only a fragment of territory that had been recognized by Soviet Russia as part of Lithuania under the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty of July 12, 1920. [6] Lithuania annexed most of Wilno-Troki County with Vilnius, half of Święciany County, and parts of Grodno , Lida, Oszmiany and Brasław counties. [ 6 ]
This is a list of wars, armed conflicts and rebellions involving Lithuania throughout its history as a kingdom (1251–1263), grand duchy (1236–1251; 1263–1795, although part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1569–1795) and a modern republic (1918–1940; 1990 – present), including as well the uprisings of the 19th and 20th centuries to recreate Lithuanian statehood.
Later in 1918, the area was drawn into the Russian Civil War and proclamations of independence were issued in Lithuania on 16 February, in Estonia on 24 February and in Latvia on 18 November 1918. [3] Between years of 1918–1920, the bolsheviks tried to establish Soviet republics in the Baltic area.