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The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation can be used to model these equilibria. It is important to maintain this pH of 7.4 to ensure enzymes are able to work optimally. [10] Life threatening Acidosis (a low blood pH resulting in nausea, headaches, and even coma, and convulsions) is due to a lack of functioning of enzymes at a low pH. [10]
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high pH, but also grow under normal conditions) and haloalkaliphiles (those that ...
A master mix is a mixture containing precursors and enzymes used as an ingredient in polymerase chain reaction techniques in molecular biology. Such mixtures contain a mixture dNTPs (required as a substrate for the building of new DNA strands), MgCl 2, Taq polymerase (an enzyme required to building new DNA strands), a pH buffer and come mixed in nuclease-free water.
The rate and outcome of chemical reactions taking place in water often depends on the acidity of the water, and it is therefore useful to know the acidity of the water, typically measured by means of a pH meter. [5] Knowledge of pH is useful or critical in many situations, including chemical laboratory analyses. pH meters are used for soil ...
Foodborne pathogens require a slightly acidic pH level of 4.6–7.5, while they thrive in conditions with a pH of 6.6–7.5. The United States Food and Drug Administration 's (FDA) regulations for acid/acidified foods require that the food be brought to pH 4.5 or below.
RNA folding problem: Is it possible to accurately predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polyribonucleic acid sequence based on its sequence and environment? Protein design : Is it possible to design highly active enzymes de novo for any desired reaction?
The hydrolysis starts with the enzyme PI 4-kinase alpha converting PI into PI 4-phosphate , which is then converted into PI (4,5) biphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2) by the enzyme PI 4-phosphate-5-kinase . PI(4,5)P 2 is then hydrolysed by phospholipase C ( PLC ) and forms the second messengers, inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate ( IP 3 ) and diacylglycerol ( DG ).