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Conching is a process used in the manufacture of chocolate whereby a surface scraping mixer and agitator, known as a conche, evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate and may act as a "polisher" of the particles. [1] It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat, release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation.
Chocolate's quality is heavily impacted by the basic raw materials and various steps of its manufacturing process. Traditional chocolate-making steps include conching, tempering, emulsification, flavouring, fermentation, drying, roasting, and grinding cocoa seeds, which are then combined with materials such as cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, and, in certain cases, milk components. [2]
Chocolate before conching has an uneven and gritty texture. The conching process produces cocoa and sugar particles smaller than the tongue can detect (typically around 20 μm) and reduces rough edges, hence the smooth feel in the mouth. The length of the conching process determines the final smoothness and quality of the chocolate.
The process also reduces bitterness and gives beans a more brown hue. Fermentation is divided between on-farm and centralized processing, with the former more common in West Africa and the latter more common in the Americas and parts of the Asia Pacific. In on-farm processing, which is how most fermentation has historically been undertaken ...
Broma process – Method of extracting cocoa butter from cocoa beans; Conching – Process for refining chocolate by stirring at high temperature; Dutch process cocoa – Cocoa that has been treated with an alkalizing agent; Enrober – Machine to coat a food item
The Dutch process was developed in the early 19th century by Dutch chocolate maker Coenraad Johannes van Houten, whose father Casparus was responsible for the development of the method of removing fat from cocoa beans by hydraulic press around 1828, forming the basis for cocoa powder. These developments greatly expanded the use of cocoa, and ...
Inventor of conching Rudolf Lindt (16 July 1855 – 20 February 1909), often known by his francized name Rodolphe Lindt , was a Swiss chocolate maker, chocolatier and inventor. He founded the Lindt brand of Swiss chocolate and invented the conching machine [ 1 ] and other processes to improve the quality of chocolate.
Modica chocolate with cocoa butter blooming. The cioccolato di Modica (Modica chocolate or chocolate of Modica, also known as cioccolata modicana) is an Italian protected geographical indication (PGI) specialty chocolate, [1] typical of the comune (municipality) of Modica, in Sicily, characterized by an ancient and original recipe using manual grinding (rather than conching) which gives the ...