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The town seems to have gained a charter in 1299. The new town appears to have been part of the Habsburg scheme for defended trading towns along the Hungarian border of the Duchy of Styria. The medieval walls survive in part and were incorporated into the later defences, while the tower of the parish church was originally a tower on the wall.
From 1829 on, the walls (specifically the gates leading into the city) primarily served as a location to charge a road toll, the Liniengeld on modes of transport entering the city, therefore representing a fiscal and legal as well as physical limit to the city. The suburbs inside of the walls were thus taxed at a higher rate than those outside ...
Duke Rudolf IV of Austria, known as "the Founder", did much to expand the city. In 1278, Rudolf I took control over the Austrian lands after his victory over Ottokar II of Bohemia and began to establish Habsburg rule. In Vienna, it took a relatively long time for the Habsburgs to establish their control, because partisans of Ottokar remained ...
Several medieval town walls have survived into the modern age, such as the walled towns of Austria, walls of Tallinn, or the town walls of York and Canterbury in England, as well as Nordlingen, Dinkelsbühl and Rothenburg ob der Tauber in Germany. In Spain, Ávila and Tossa del Mar hosts surviving medieval walls while Lugo has an intact Roman wall.
Innsbruck Castle Courtyard by Albrecht Dürer, 1495. The Hofburg was built on a site once occupied by the fortifications and towers of the medieval city. In the fourteenth century, when Innsbruck was ruled by the House of Gorizia, the city's defensive walls included a section located where the Hofburg main façade stands today on Rennweg.
Hohensalzburg Fortress was selected as main motif for the Austrian Nonnberg Abbey commemorative coin minted on April 5, 2006. This was the first coin of the series "Great Abbeys of Austria". It shows the Benedictine convent of Nonnberg Abbey. In the hilltop on the background, the fortress and the Kajetaner church can be seen.
Carmona's historic center, enveloped by medieval walls, is a a smorgasbord of Roman ruins (the Necropolis is a must-see) and Umayyad signatures (Alcázar de la Puerta de Sevilla).
It is connected to Dürnstein through a defensive wall extending from the city walls. The castle is known for being one of the places where King Richard I of England , returning from the Third Crusade , was imprisoned after being captured near Vienna by Duke Leopold V of Austria , from December 1192 until his extradition to Emperor Henry VI in ...