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The Albedo Role Playing Game was written by Paul Kidd with Steve Gallacci and first published as a boxed set with four books - three rulebooks (background and characters, technology and equipment, referee's manual) and an introductory scenario - and dice by Furball Publications (Aus.) in 1988, and was then published as a boxed set with four books by Thoughts and Images in 1988.
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The albedo of several types of roofs (lower values means higher temperatures). Reflective surfaces, or ground-based albedo modification (GBAM), is a solar radiation management method of enhancing Earth's albedo (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths of the Sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface).
Most cool pavements either increase pavement albedo to reflect shortwave radiation out of the atmosphere and reduce heat transfer to the Earth’s surface, or use evaporative water cooling through the pavement to lower ambient temperatures. [3] Newer technologies involve energy harvesting, heat storage methods, and phase change materials. [4]
However, it also increases the global albedo from 15% to 30%, and this reduces the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth by about 44 W/m 2. Thus, there is a net cooling of about 13 W/m 2. [22] If the clouds were removed with all else remaining the same, the Earth would lose this much cooling and the global temperatures would increase.
Cloud albedo is a measure of the albedo or reflectivity of a cloud. Clouds regulate the amount of solar radiation absorbed by a planet and its solar surface irradiance . Generally, increased cloud cover correlates to a higher albedo and a lower absorption of solar energy .
The planetary albedo α P is the fraction of the incoming solar flux that is reflected back to space (since the atmosphere is assumed totally transparent to solar radiation, it does not matter whether this albedo is imagined to be caused by reflection at the surface of the planet or at the top of the atmosphere or a mixture).
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