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Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength , breaking strength , maximum elongation and reduction in area. [ 2 ]
English: The video illustrates an experimental investigation performed on steel samples, i.e. tensile steel testing. It is to be noted that the video was obtained using the pictures shot during the test, and the test was not performed that fast. results are shown in the end in terms of stress-strain curves for each of the three tested steel samples.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
A polyethylene sample that has necked under tension. The tangent construction shown above is rarely used in interpreting the stress-strain curves of metals. However, it is popular for analysis of the tensile drawing of polymers. [4] [5] (since it allows study of the regime of stable necking). It may be noted that, for polymers, the strain is ...
It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the properties of a material, such as the Young's modulus, the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength.
A statistical analysis of the strength of many samples of a material is performed to calculate the particular material strength of that material. The analysis allows for a rational method of defining the material strength and results in a value less than, for example, 99.99% of the values from samples tested.
Yield strength testing involves taking a small sample with a fixed cross-section area and then pulling it with a controlled, gradually increasing force until the sample changes shape or breaks. This is called a tensile test. Longitudinal and/or transverse strain is recorded using mechanical or optical extensometers.
1940s flexural test machinery working on a sample of concrete Test fixture on universal testing machine for three-point flex test. The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material.