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Muhammad [a] [b] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [c] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [d] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
According to Islamic prophetic tradition, Muhammad descended from Adnan. [7] Tradition records the genealogy from Adnan to Muhammad comprises 21 generations. The following is the list of chiefs who are said to have ruled the Hejaz and to have been the patrilineal ancestors of Muhammad. [4]
The original text of the Sīrat Rasūl Allāh by Ibn Ishaq did not survive. Yet it was one of the earliest substantial biographies of Muhammad. However, much of the original text was copied over into a work of his own by Ibn Hisham (Basra; Fustat, died 833 AD, 218 AH).
In Islam, Muhammad (Arabic: مُحَمَّد) is venerated as the Seal of the Prophets and earthly manifestation of primordial light (Nūr) emanated by God, who transmitted the eternal word of God (Qur'ān) from the angel Gabriel (Jibrīl) to humans and jinn.
Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah (السيرة النبوية, 'The Life of the Prophet') also known as Siraat-e Ibn Hisham and Sirat Al Nabi is a prophetic biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, written by Ibn Hisham.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
The Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei, originally authored by Datu Imam Yaakub and continued by Pehin Khatib Abdul Latif, was transcribed by Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Lela Awang Aminuddin on 5 November 1841 with Omar Ali Saifuddin II's permission. It was later recopied by Abdul Ghaffar bin Abdul Mu'min from Sarawak in November 1936.
The early history of Brunei is complex, characterised by discrepancies between Chinese sources and local Bruneian accounts such as the Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei. Chinese records mention figures like Raja Ma-na-je-chia-na ( Maharaja Karna ) and his son Hsia Wang ( Raja Kecil ), aided by Ismail and Mahmud, ruling Brunei until 1425.