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  2. Envelope (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(waves)

    A modulated wave resulting from adding two sine waves of identical amplitude and nearly identical wavelength and frequency. A common situation resulting in an envelope function in both space x and time t is the superposition of two waves of almost the same wavelength and frequency: [2]

  3. Wavelength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength

    A wave packet has an envelope that describes the overall amplitude of the wave; within the envelope, the distance between adjacent peaks or troughs is sometimes called a local wavelength. [21] [22] An example is shown in the figure. In general, the envelope of the wave packet moves at a speed different from the constituent waves. [23]

  4. Wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave

    A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave whose envelope remains in a constant position. This phenomenon arises as a result of interference between two waves traveling in opposite directions.

  5. Wave packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_packet

    In physics, a wave packet (also known as a wave train or wave group) is a short burst of localized wave action that travels as a unit, outlined by an envelope. A wave packet can be analyzed into, or can be synthesized from, a potentially-infinite set of component sinusoidal waves of different wavenumbers, with phases and amplitudes such that ...

  6. Constant envelope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_envelope

    Constant envelope needs to occur for the system to be stable, where there is the least amount of noise and feedback gain has rendered the system steady. Feedback is used to create a feedback signal to control gain, reduce distortion , control output voltage, improve stability or create instability, as in an oscillator .

  7. Waveform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveform

    A sine, square, and sawtooth wave at 440 Hz A composite waveform that is shaped like a teardrop. A waveform generated by a synthesizer In electronics , acoustics , and related fields, the waveform of a signal is the shape of its graph as a function of time, independent of its time and magnitude scales and of any displacement in time.

  8. Waveplate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveplate

    where the f and s axes are the quarter-wave plate's fast and slow axes, respectively, the wave propagates along the z axis, and E f and E s are real. The effect of the quarter-wave plate is to introduce a phase shift term e iΓ =e iπ/2 = i between the f and s components of the wave, so that upon exiting the crystal the wave is now given by

  9. Carrier-envelope phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier-envelope_phase

    The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) or carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase is an important feature of an ultrashort laser pulse and gains significance with decreasing pulse duration, in a regime where the pulse consists of a few wavelengths. Physical effects depending on the carrier-envelope phase fall into the category of highly nonlinear optics.