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Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. [1] It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,281 ft).
The common English name hornbeam derives from the hardness of the woods (likened to horn) and the Old English beam, "tree" (cognate with Dutch Boom and German Baum).. The American hornbeam is also occasionally known as blue-beech, ironwood, or musclewood, the first from the resemblance of the bark to that of the American beech Fagus grandifolia, the other two from the hardness of the wood and ...
The leaf structure also varies, with Carpinus austrobalcanica having a flat leaf surface that is not wavy, while the other species (common hornbeam) has strongly wavy leaves. The leaf venation in C. austrobalcanica is not pronounced and more or less in the plane of the leaf surface. In contrast, common hornbeam has a pronounced venation.
It was first described 2024 [1] and one of three hornbeams originally native to Europe, together with the European hornbeam Carpinus betulus and the Oriental hornbeam Carpinus orientalis. Description [ edit ]
European hop-hornbeam Betulaceae (birch family) Ostrya virginiana: American hop-hornbeam; ironwood Betulaceae (birch family) Bignoniaceae: trumpet creeper family;
LONDON (Reuters) -The dollar fell broadly on Monday, while European stocks jumped, after an official for the incoming U.S. administration said President-elect Donald Trump would stop short of ...
Common names include hop-hornbeam and hophornbeam. It may also be called ironwood , a name shared with a number of other plants. The genus is native in southern Europe , southwest and eastern Asia , and North and Central America . [ 1 ]
The maximum age of maple and hornbeam is estimated to be between 150 and 200 years, [58] while hornbeam can live up to 300 years. [56] Hornbeam wood is not of particular interest to foresters, and the logging of oak, linden, and other species has contributed to the spread of hornbeam in recent times. [4]
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