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If the longest path problem could be solved in polynomial time, it could be used to solve this decision problem, by finding a longest path and then comparing its length to the number k. Therefore, the longest path problem is NP-hard. The question "does there exist a simple path in a given graph with at least k edges" is NP-complete. [2]
For dimensions two through seven the lengths of the longest possible doubled coils are 4, 6, 8, 14, 26, 46. Beyond that, the best lengths found so far for dimensions eight through thirteen are 94, 186, 362, 662, 1222, 2354. For both the snake and the coil in the box problems, it is known that the maximum length is proportional to 2 n for an n ...
Pointer jumping or path doubling is a design technique for parallel algorithms that operate on pointer structures, such as linked lists and directed graphs. Pointer jumping allows an algorithm to follow paths with a time complexity that is logarithmic with respect to the length of the longest path.
In fact in order to answer a level ancestor query, the algorithm needs to jump from a path to another until it reaches the root and there could be Θ(√ n) of such paths on a leaf-to-root path. This leads us to an algorithm that can pre-process the tree in O( n ) time and answers queries in O( √ n ).
Chan's algorithm is used for dimensions 2 and 3, and Quickhull is used for computation of the convex hull in higher dimensions. [ 9 ] For a finite set of points, the convex hull is a convex polyhedron in three dimensions, or in general a convex polytope for any number of dimensions, whose vertices are some of the points in the input set.
In computational physics, a self-avoiding walk is a chain-like path in R 2 or R 3 with a certain number of nodes, typically a fixed step length and has the property that it doesn't cross itself or another walk.
Consider finding a shortest path for traveling between two cities by car, as illustrated in Figure 1. Such an example is likely to exhibit optimal substructure. That is, if the shortest route from Seattle to Los Angeles passes through Portland and then Sacramento, then the shortest route from Portland to Los Angeles must pass through Sacramento too.
A Fenwick tree or binary indexed tree (BIT) is a data structure that stores an array of values and can efficiently compute prefix sums of the values and update the values. It also supports an efficient rank-search operation for finding the longest prefix whose sum is no more than a specified value.