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PVC closet flange with steel flange, before installation. closet flange (also known as a toilet flange) is a pipe fitting (specifically, a type of flange) that both mounts a toilet to the floor and connects the closet bend to a drain pipe. The name comes from the term "water closet", the traditional name for a toilet. Closet flanges are ...
Although flange fittings are bulky, they perform well in demanding applications such as large water supply networks and hydroelectric systems. Flanges are rated at 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 psi; or 10, 15, 25, 40, 64, 100, and 150 bars of pressure. Various types of flanges are available, depending on construction.
Original file (3,634 × 2,902 pixels, file size: 2.64 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Note: These diagrams represent a configuration typical in the USA, mechanisms may vary in other countries [citation needed]. The toilet ballcock, long made of brass and later made of plastic, was superseded by the float cup, pioneered in 1957 by the Fluidmaster founder Adolf Schoepe , which is integrated with the tank’s fill valve and so ...
The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal. Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.
A sewer pipe is normally at neutral air pressure compared to the surrounding atmosphere.When a column of waste water flows through a pipe, it compresses air ahead of it in the system, creating a positive pressure that must be released so it does not push back on the waste stream and downstream traps, slow drainage, and induce potential clogs.
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