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1888 – Heinrich Hertz demonstrates the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus that produced and detected UHF radio waves (or microwaves in the UHF region). He also found that radio waves could be transmitted through different types of materials and were reflected by others, the key to radar.
The discovery of the principle of the reversibility of the dynamo electric machine (variously attributed to Walenn 1860; Pacinotti 1864; Fontaine, Gramme 1873; Deprez 1881, and others) whereby it may be used as an electric motor or as a generator of electricity has been termed one of the greatest discoveries of the 19th century. [11]
1 T to 2.4 T – coil gap of a typical loudspeaker magnet; 1.5 T to 3 T – strength of medical magnetic resonance imaging systems in practice, experimentally up to 17 T [10] 4 T – strength of the superconducting magnet built around the CMS detector at CERN [11] 5.16 T – the strength of a specially designed room temperature Halbach array [12]
A Boeing B-52 strategic bomber being prepared for EMP testing at Trestle in 1982.. ATLAS-I (Air Force Weapons Lab Transmission-Line Aircraft Simulator), better known as Trestle, was a unique electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generation and testing apparatus built between 1972 and 1980 during the Cold War at Sandia National Laboratories near Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The 1200-ton motor generator sits on a 4800-short ton (4350 t) inertia block which rests on 60 springs to minimize earth tremors and is the centerpiece of the Pulsed Field Laboratory. The facility's magnets include a 60 Tesla long-pulse magnet (under repair) that is the most powerful controlled-pulse magnet in the world.
A core of ferromagnetic material like iron serves to increase the magnetic field created. [1] The strength of the magnetic field generated is proportional to the amount of current through the winding. [1] An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.
The facility is notable for containing what is believed to be the world's largest Marx generator, which was originally created to help test lightning insulation in military aircraft. The facility has several huge Tesla coils on the facility grounds, some of which range over 20 stories in height. Combined these create what the Soviets nicknamed ...
A Bitter electromagnet or Bitter solenoid is a type of electromagnet invented in 1933 by American physicist Francis Bitter used in scientific research to create extremely strong magnetic fields. Bitter electromagnets have been used to achieve the strongest continuous manmade magnetic fields on earth―up to 45 teslas , as of 2011 [update] .