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The Boston and New York Education Commissions sent Zachos to prove that the former slaves could be educated. Zachos was on Parris Island on March 13, 1862, and he was in command of 400 freed slaves on a plantation. He spent a total of 16 months at Parris Island, where he took on many roles: army surgeon, teacher, and storekeeper.
Within two days of the Union capture of the island, approximately 150 former slaves (or those left behind by the Hilton Head Island planters when they fled the island) came to the Union army's encampment; by December 15, approximately 320 former slaves had sought refuge at the Union army's encampment. [4]
Hilton Head Island, often referred to as simply Hilton Head, is a Lowcountry resort town and barrier island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. [8] It is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Savannah, Georgia (as the crow flies), and 95 miles (153 km) southwest of Charleston.
On December 19, Sherman dispatched many of these slaves to Hilton Head, an island already serving as refugee camp. Saxton reported on December 22 "Every cabin and house on these islands is filled to overflowing—I have some 15,000." 700 more arrived on Christmas. [77]
Drayton subsequently used "Fish Haul Plantation", which his wife owned, as headquarters in the defense of Hilton Head Island. Drayton assigned many of his own 102 slaves on the island to construct defenses and do other work to support the Confederates. [4] [5]
Stoney-Baynard Plantation on Hilton Head Island, SC [2] [3] was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The listing included one contributing site on 6 acres (2.4 ha). [1] It has also been known as Baynard Ruins and as Braddock's Point Plantation. [1]
Built with slave labor during 1861, the fort was to defend against a Union blockade of one of the south’s most important ports at Port Royal. [1] Fort Walker along with the Confederate Fort Beauregard on the opposite side of Port Royal Sound was the site of the Battle of Port Royal during November 1861.
General Rufus Saxton, who had been a quartermaster under Thomas Sherman at Hilton Head in charge of contraband on various islands, including at Edisto, in 1862, recommended St. Simons Island in Georgia and Edisto Island as good locations for new colonies, as both had previously held colonies but were relatively free of rebels. [27]