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Krama Inggil is a polite form of the Javanese language used in daily conversations, [1] especially with older people. The opposite of this speaking manner is called " Boso Ngoko ". [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Nowadays, this manner of speaking is rarely used by the residents of Java , often because it is viewed as an outdated or old fashioned manner of ...
The word Jawa written in Javanese script Two Javanese speakers, recorded in Indonesia. Javanese (/ ˌ dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z / JAH-və-NEEZ, [3] / dʒ æ v ə-/ JAV-ə-, /-ˈ n iː s /- NEESS; [4] basa Jawa, Javanese script: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Javanese people from the central and eastern ...
The Javanese (/ dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z /, jah-və-NEEZ, [17] / dʒ æ v-/ jav-, /-ˈ n iː s /- NEESS; [18] Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ, romanized: Wong Jawa (in the ngoko register), ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ, Tiyang Jawi (in the krama register); [19] Indonesian: Orang Jawa) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the central and eastern part of the Indonesian island of Java.
Kramanisation is a term introduced by Benedict Anderson to describe the process of language stratification in Indonesian.The Indonesian language, which believed as an egalitarian and democratic language, has been developing the division of registers into the low-level speech and high-level speech as found in Javanese.
Mastery of krama, a set of registers primarily spoken up the social hierarchy, requires high levels of education. [33] Towards the end of the 19th century, when younger cadres of priyayi received Dutch-language education, the Javanese "inner elite" began adopting Dutch not only as a language used at work when interacting with the Dutch but also ...
The numerals 0–9 have independent and modifier forms. The modifiers are used to form powers of 10 or modify the sum of objects. In some cases, there is more than one word for a numeral reflecting the Javanese register system of ngoko (low-register) and krama (high-register), as well as words from a literary form of Javanese called kawi and derived from Old Javanese.
Banyumasan (basa Banyumasan), also known as the autoglottonym Ngapak (basa Ngapak), is a dialect of Javanese spoken mainly in three areas of Java that is the Banyumasan, located in westernmost Central Java province and surrounding the Slamet mountain and Serayu River; a neighboring area inside West Java province; and northern region of Banten province.
Banyumasan or Banyumasan Javanese [1] (Javanese: Ngoko: ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦨꦚꦸꦩꦱꦤ꧀ (Wòng Banyumasan), [3] [4] Indonesian: Orang Banyumasan [5]) (colloquially known as Javanese Ngapak) is a collective term for a Javanese subgroup native to the Indonesia's westernmost part of Central Java.