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Hydrochloric acid has been used for dissolving calcium carbonate, e.g. such things as de-scaling kettles and for cleaning mortar off brickwork. When used on brickwork the reaction with the mortar only continues until the acid has all been converted, producing calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water: CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O
For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
7.1 200 13.3 300 18.5 400 23.1 500 27.1 600 30.8 Ammonia: NH 3: 300 10.2 400 14.0 500 17.9 600 21.7 Carbon dioxide: CO 2: 200 10.1 300 15.0 400 19.7 500 24.0 600 28.0 Helium: He 100 9.6 200 15.1 300 19.9 400 24.3 500 28.3 600 32.2 Water vapor H 2 O 380 12.498 400 13.278 450 15.267 500 17.299 550 19.356 600 21.425 650 23.496 700 25.562 750 27. ...
c(OsO 4) = 5.1 kg/L / 254.23 g/mol = 20.1 mol/L. A typical protein in bacteria, such as E. coli, may have about 60 copies, and the volume of a bacterium is about 10 −15 L. Thus, the number concentration C is C = 60 / (10 −15 L) = 6 × 10 16 L −1. The molar concentration is c = C / N A = 6 × 10 16 L −1 / 6 × 10 23 ...
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
Most hydrogen chloride is consumed in the production of hydrochloric acid. It is also used in the production of vinyl chloride and many alkyl chlorides. [13] Trichlorosilane, a precursor to ultrapure silicon, is produced by the reaction of hydrogen chloride and silicon at around 300 °C. [18] Si + 3 HCl → HSiCl 3 + H 2
For example, acetic acid is a weak acid which has a = 1.75 x 10 −5. Its conjugate base is the acetate ion with K b = 10 −14 / K a = 5.7 x 10 −10 (from the relationship K a × K b = 10 −14 ), which certainly does not correspond to a strong base.
As 2 O 3 + 6 HCl → 2 AsCl 3 + 3 H 2 O. It can also be prepared by chlorination of arsenic at 80–85 °C, but this method requires elemental arsenic. [4] 2 As + 3 Cl 2 → 2 AsCl 3. Arsenic trichloride can be prepared by the reaction of arsenic oxide and sulfur monochloride. This method requires simple apparatus and proceeds efficiently: [8]