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The plumule is the part of a seed embryo that develops into the shoot bearing the first true leaves of a plant. In most seeds, for example the sunflower, the plumule is a small conical structure without any leaf structure. Growth of the plumule does not occur until the cotyledons have grown above ground. This is epigeal germination.
As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root, and then penetrates down into the soil.After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves.
A seed pot used in horticulture for sowing and taking plant cuttings and growing plugs Germination glass (glass sprouter jar) with a plastic sieve-lid Brassica campestris germinating seeds Time-lapse video of mung bean seeds germinating. Germination is usually the growth of a plant contained within a seed resulting in the formation of the seedling.
Seed vigor is a measure of the quality of seed, and involves the viability of the seed, the germination percentage, germination rate, and the strength of the seedlings produced. [ 47 ] The germination percentage is simply the proportion of seeds that germinate from all seeds subject to the right conditions for growth.
The coleorhiza or root sheath is a protective layer of tissue that surrounds the radicle (the embryonic primary root) in monocotyledon seeds. [1] During germination, the coleorhiza is the first part to grow out of the seed, growing through cell elongation.
Plant embryonic development, also plant embryogenesis, is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination . [ 1 ]
[7] [23] Seeds are dispersed by birds and bats that feed upon the fruit. [7] Seed germination is adjacent ligular—during germination, as the cotyledon expands it only pushes a portion of the embryo out of the seed. [7] As a result, the seedling develops adjacent to the seed. The embryo forms a ligule, and the plumule protrudes from this. [24]
Cotyledon from a Judas-tree (Cercis siliquastrum, a dicot) seedling Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting. The visible part of the monocot plant (left) is actually the first true leaf produced from the meristem; the cotyledon itself remains within the seed Schematic of epigeal vs hypogeal germination Peanut seeds split in half, showing the embryos with cotyledons and primordial root Two ...