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An intensity-duration-frequency curve (IDF curve) is a mathematical function that relates the intensity of an event (e.g. rainfall) with its duration and frequency of occurrence. [1] Frequency is the inverse of the probability of occurrence. These curves are commonly used in hydrology for flood forecasting and civil engineering for urban ...
Earth has a radius of 6,357 km (at the poles) making = 6,357,000 m and the satellites have an altitude of 20,184 km [15] making their orbit radius = 26,541,000 m. Substituting these in the above equation, with Earth mass M = 5.974 × 10 24 , G = 6.674 × 10 −11 , and c = 2.998 × 10 8 (all in SI units), gives:
This table contains examples of downlink frequency assignments; Satellite Frequency Band Terra: 8212.5 MHz: 8175-8215 MHz METEOROLOGICAL-SATELLITE SERVICE Earth exploration-satellite service Aqua: 8160 MHz: 8025-8175 MHz: Earth exploration-satellite service NOAA 17,18 1707 MHz 1700-1710 MHz: Meteorological-satellite service: ERS-2 (High rate ...
A frequency distribution shows a summarized grouping of data divided into mutually exclusive classes and the number of occurrences in a class. It is a way of showing unorganized data notably to show results of an election, income of people for a certain region, sales of a product within a certain period, student loan amounts of graduates, etc.
This means that for a given frequency of magnitude 4.0 or larger events there will be 10 times as many magnitude 3.0 or larger quakes and 100 times as many magnitude 2.0 or larger quakes. There is some variation of b-values in the approximate range of 0.5 to 2 depending on the source environment of the region. [ 5 ]
They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such as great-circle distance. The first (direct) method computes the location of a point that is a given distance and azimuth (direction) from another point.
The earth, mda, and polspline implementations do not allow missing values in predictors, but free implementations of regression trees (such as rpart and party) do allow missing values using a technique called surrogate splits. MARS models can make predictions very quickly, as they only require evaluating a linear function of the predictors.
Frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) or differential Doppler (DD), is a technique analogous to TDOA for estimating the location of a radio emitter based on ...